First, the common layer house building mainly has the following types
(1) Open chicken coop. The open chicken coop relies on natural ventilation, and the lighting is natural light with artificial supplemental light. There are two types of chicken coops for this type of rearing, namely window coops and roller shutter coops. The window chicken coop opens and closes the windows according to the weather changes to adjust the temperature and ventilation in the house; The roller shutter coop uses the tent as a wall, and the temperature in the coop is adjusted by rolling up and lowering the tabernacle. The height of the chicken coop is generally required to be more than 2.4 meters, and the requirements are higher in hot areas. The length and width of the coop depends on the amount of feeding, the size of the equipment, the ease of operation and the terrain constraints. The top surface of the house is generally covered with tiles, the roof is designed with a gas building, and the two sides of the chicken coop should have a large area of ventilation belt. The cost of open chicken coop is low, and the design, building materials, construction technology and internal setting are relatively simple. However, the chicken coop is greatly affected by the external environment, and the temperature regulation effect is not obvious, especially it is not easy to control the light, and the sexual maturity of the chickens can not be well controlled, and the seasonality of production is extremely obvious, which is not conducive to balanced production and ensure the normal supply of the market, and it is not applicable in cold areas.
According to the different roof structures, open chicken coops are usually divided into 6 types: single-slope chicken coop, double-slope chicken coop, bell tower chicken coop, semi-bell tower chicken coop, arch chicken coop and double-slope divergence chicken coop.
(2) The closed chicken house includes two kinds of window house and windowless house, and the closed chicken house uses manual or microcomputer and other control equipment to adjust the internal environment of the chicken house, so as to achieve the best growth conditions of the chicken. The ventilation of the closed chicken coop is completely carried out by the fan, and the wet curtain ventilation system is used to cool down in summer, and the heating is generally not specially supplied in winter, but by the heat emitted by the chicken itself, so that the temperature in the house is maintained within a more suitable range. The lighting in the chicken house is completed by adjusting the light intensity and lighting time of the lighting equipment at any time according to the light needs of chickens of different ages.
The enclosed chicken coop roof and the four walls have good temperature insulation, have good thermal insulation ability, can eliminate or reduce the impact of some unfavorable natural factors such as severe cold and heat, strong wind, heavy rain on the chickens, can artificially control the sexual maturity of the chickens, and provide a more suitable living and production environment for the chickens; The house is well enclosed and basically eliminates the pathway of disease from natural vectors; It can artificially control the light, which is conducive to controlling the sexual maturity of chickens and stimulating egg production, and is also convenient for the implementation of measures such as restricting feeding and forced moulting of chickens. Restricted movement and reduced heat dissipation during the cold season have led to an increase in feed returns.
The construction and equipment investment of closed chicken coop is high, and the construction standards and auxiliary equipment are required to be higher; The high density of rearing makes it possible for chickens to contract each other with diseases; Ventilation, lighting, feeding and drinking water all rely on electricity, which requires a reliable power supply, otherwise a power outage will have a serious impact on chicken production.
(3) Open and closed chicken coops adjust the environment in the chicken coop by opening windows, and rely on natural ventilation in the mild season; In the case of unfavorable weather, close the windows of the north and south walls, and open the air inlets and fans for longitudinal ventilation. The open and closed chicken coop can make full use of natural resources, can achieve artificial control under harsh climatic conditions, and realize the combination of horizontal and longitudinal ventilation in the form of ventilation, so it has the dual functions of open and closed chicken coop.
(4) Other types of chicken coops (1) Adobe wall or earthen wall chicken coop: suitable for the arid areas of Northwest China. The cost is low, but it is not easy to disinfect. (2) The use of old houses to transform into chicken coops: the old idle houses, workshops, warehouses, etc., as long as the conditions are suitable, a little transformation, can be used to raise chickens. (3) Use civil air defense fortifications or basements to transform into chicken coops: the temperature is more stable in this way, less affected by seasonal changes, warm in winter and cool in summer. But ventilation, lighting, and dehumidification must be addressed in order to raise chickens.
(5) Scaffolding chicken coop: In the late 80s of the 20th century, vegetable greenhouses were introduced into chicken coop construction, which greatly shortened the construction period of chicken coops and reduced the cost. In the process of use, the skeleton is changed to bamboo, and the top is covered with insulation materials such as straw curtains, which further reduces the cost and enhances the effect of heat stroke and cold resistance. If the structure of this kind of chicken house is too simple, the ability to control the environment in the house is poor, which affects the performance of the chicken flock in winter and summer.