The growth environment of broilers is very important for their growth and health, we must scientifically select the site, reasonable layout, and pay attention to environmental protection, in order to create a good environment for the growth of broilers, and promote their rapid growth.
(1) On the selection of sites
1. Investigate the topography. Chicken farms should be built in high, flat and slightly sloping places (the ground slope is 1%-3%, and the maximum should not exceed 25%, which is conducive to the control of the internal and external environment of the chicken farm, and can also reduce the harm of parasites. Attention should also be paid to local climatic conditions, as areas such as mountain and valley areas are generally not considered. The mid-levels area is ideal.
2. Inspect the soil. The soil of the chicken farm requires good air permeability, as well as good moisturizing function. At the same time, it has strong pressure resistance and is suitable for building construction. Sandy loam soil is an ideal soil for building farms, because its drainage performance is better than that of other types of soils, and at the same time, it has a good thermal insulation effect and also meets the hygienic requirements of chicken farms. It is a good choice for building a field.
3. Inspect the water source. Water is the source of life, and all life on earth is inseparable from it. The construction of a chicken farm must have a reliable water source, at least meet the three basic conditions of sufficient water quantity, good water quality, and meet water quality standards.
4. Investigate geography and transportation. When selecting the site, attention should be paid to the relationship between the chicken farm and the surrounding society, which can neither make the chicken farm a source of pollution or be polluted by the surrounding environment, but should be selected in the low place and downwind volume of the residential area. The suburbs are a good site choice, far from residential areas and places with frequent traffic, and generally require 400 meters away from major highways and more than 100-200 meters from secondary roads. However, it should be noted that the location of the chicken farm should be selected to facilitate the transportation of products.
5. Inspect the power supply. In addition to the 24-hour power supply in the hatchery, the light of the chickens also needs to be supplied with electricity.
Second, on the planning and layout of broiler farms.
Different chicken farms have their own planning and layout. Regardless of the type or number of buildings, they must be planned and laid out scientifically and reasonably, so as to play the role of various types of buildings economically and effectively, and to be conducive to isolation and sanitation, and to reduce or avoid the occurrence of epidemics. The planning and layout of the chicken farm should be scientifically applicable, adapted to local conditions, and carried out according to the actual environmental conditions and specific conditions. The layout of the chicken farm should consider the following points:
(1) Zoning planning area
Chicken farms are usually divided into several categories, such as production area, management area or living area, and quarantine area. Compared with other districts, the management area is more closely connected to the society and is prone to the spread of diseases. When the site is built, the production area should be separated, and outsiders and vehicles are not allowed to enter the production area. To avoid the introduction of foreign pathogens. The living quarters of employees should be located upwind and on higher ground. In order to avoid polluting the living environment and spreading diseases.
The production area should be built in the heart of the chicken farm. The age and type of broilers in the production area are different, and the physiological characteristics and physical functions are also different, so it is necessary to carry out sub-district planning. Isolate chickens of different ages and species. The small flock is placed in the wind, and the high-lying quarantine area is used as a place to isolate and treat sick chickens.
(2) Chicken coop distance
Coop spacing is also an important environmental condition that affects the healthy life of broilers. If the distance between the chicken houses is too small, it is easy to cause the spread of pathogens between the chicken houses when they are ventilated. In the event of a fire, it is easy to spread the entire coop and flock. In addition, it is also easy to cause disease in chickens. Therefore, the appropriate distance between the chicken coops should be maintained, and the spacing between open chicken coops is 20-30 meters, and the spacing of closed chicken coops is 15-25 meters. A few days ago, the distance between chicken houses in China's chicken farms is too small (3-8 meters), which has seriously affected the health and production performance of chickens.
(3) Chicken coop orientation
The orientation of the chicken coop is also an important environmental factor, which also plays an important role in the healthy growth of broilers, which cannot be ignored. The choice of the direction of the chicken coop should first consider the wind direction, location, lighting and ventilation and sewerage. The chicken coop faces south, that is, the longitudinal axis of the chicken coop is east-west, which is more suitable for open houses in most parts of China. This orientation ensures that the coop is warm in winter and cool in summer. The ventilation effect in the chicken house has a lot to do with the uniformity of the airflow and the amount of ventilation. Generally, it is better to have an angle between the longitudinal axis of the chicken coop and the dominant wind direction in summer at 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
(4) Arrangement of chicken coops
The main building in the production area is the chicken coop, according to the scale of breeding and the shape of the site, the size of the chicken coop to determine the arrangement of the chicken coop, generally there are several forms such as single row, double row and multiple columns.
(5) Roads and storage yards
Chicken farms should be set up with cleaning channels and pollution channels, cleaning equipment, discharging dirt, and cleaning sewage. Ensure that the environment of the chicken farm is clean and tidy. The manure storage yard is generally set up in the middle of the chicken coop, close to the road. Facilitates manure removal and transportation. At the same time, it is necessary to set up a separation zone around the perimeter. A disinfection pool and a disinfection room are set up at the gate of the chicken farm for the disinfection of personnel, equipment and utensils entering the farm.